Special Issue
Submission Closed
Symmetries in Relativity, Quantum Theory, and Unified Theories
View Published Articles →01About This Special Issue
The concept of symmetry has been central to physical and cosmological thought since the emergence of natural philosophy. The notion that the properties of particles such as ‘atoms’ remain unchanged after being subjected to a variety of symmetry transformations or “operations” has been present since the 6th century BC (e.g. Greek natural philosophy, Pythagorians).The two outstanding theoretical achievements of the 20th century, relativity, which describes cosmic behavior on the biggest of scales, and quantum mechanics, which treats energy and other physical entities as discrete units (quanta) at the subatomic scale, both involve notions of symmetry in a fundamental way. Since the early 20th century, a central goal of physics has been to combine relativity and quantum theory into an overarching ‘theory of everything’, capable to describe all physical phenomena.
Quantum theory explains electromagnetism and the strong and weak forces, but a quantum description of the remaining fundamental force, gravity, has not been achieved. After developing relativity, Albert Einstein sought a so-called ‘unified field’ theory, with a space-time geometry that could encompass all the fundamental forces, but his endeavor was unsuccessful. Other theorists have since attempted to merge general relativity with quantum theory, but the two approaches treat physical forces in fundamentally different ways. In quantum theory, forces arise from the interchange of certain elementary particles, not from the shape of space-time. Furthermore, quantum effects are thought to cause a serious distortion of space-time at an extremely small scale, the Planck length, which is much smaller than the size of elementary particles. This suggests that quantum gravity cannot be understood without investigating the behaviour of space-time at very small scales.
Although the connection between general relativity and quantum mechanics remains elusive, some progress toward a fully unified theory has been made. In the 1960s, the electroweak theory provided partial unification by demonstrating a common basis for electromagnetism and the weak force within quantum theory. Recent research suggests that superstring theory, in which elementary particles are represented not as mathematical points but as extremely small strings vibrating in 10 or more dimensions, shows promise for providing a framework for complete unification (including gravitation). Until confirmed by experimental results, however, superstring theory remains an untested hypothesis.
We invite frontline researchers and authors to submit original research and review papers that explore these and relevant themes.
02Meet the Guest Editors
Our distinguished editors bring deep subject-matter expertise to curate high-quality research and ensure a rigorous peer-review process.
Lead Guest Editor
Elias Koorambas
Department of Mathematics and physics ,University of Aberdeen, Athens, Greece
Guest Editor
Germano Resconi
Department of Mathematics, Catholic University, Brescia, Italy
Guest Editor
Özlem YEŞİLTAŞ
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
Guest Editor
Senbiao Fang
National institute of biological sciences (Beijing), Beijing, China
03Published Articles
The following articles have been published in this special issue.
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Mutual Proof of Cosmic Medium and Hubble Law
Issue: Volume 2, Issue 4-1, August 2015Pages: 112-118Received: 15 June 2015Accepted: 16 June 2015Published: 2 September 2015DOI: 10.11648/j.ijhep.s.2015020401.19Downloads:Views:Abstract: This paper proposes that the cosmic space is microscopically of granular lattice structure and the granular meta-space is called positive hole. The cosmic space which is microscopically of granular lattice structure is called quantum space. It is similar to elastic ether. We suppose the hole and the cosmic space consisting of holes are characterist... Show More -
The Physics of Mass Gap Problem in the General Field Theory Framework
Issue: Volume 2, Issue 4-1, August 2015Pages: 104-111Received: 27 June 2015Accepted: 29 June 2015Published: 7 August 2015DOI: 10.11648/j.ijhep.s.2015020401.18Downloads:Views:Abstract: We develop the gauge theory introduced by Ning Wu with two Yang-Mills fields adjusted to make the mass term invariant. In the specific representation there arise quantum massive and classical massless no-Abelian vector modes and the gauge interaction terms. The suggested model will return into two different Yang-Mills gauge field models. Next, we f... Show More -
A Quasi-Unitary Pre-Quantum Theory of Particles and Fields and Some Theoretical Implications
Issue: Volume 2, Issue 4-1, August 2015Pages: 80-103Received: 3 June 2015Accepted: 12 July 2015Published: 23 July 2015DOI: 10.11648/j.ijhep.s.2015020401.17Downloads:Views:Abstract: Through a phenomenological approach using the concept of sub-quantum fluid, the theory argues the possibility of a cold genesis of elementary particles and of fields, explaining the electro-magnetic and the gravitic fields by equations of ideal fluids applied to the subquantum and the quantum “primordial dark energy”. The possibility to explain the... Show More -
Calculation of the Theoretical Mass Spectrum of Elementary Particles in Unitary Quantum Theory
Issue: Volume 2, Issue 4-1, August 2015Pages: 71-79Received: 15 April 2015Accepted: 16 April 2015Published: 23 June 2015DOI: 10.11648/j.ijhep.s.2015020401.16Downloads:Views:Abstract: The particle is represented by the wave packet in nonlinear space-time continuum. Because of dispersion, the packet periodically appears and disappears in movement and the envelope of the process coincides with the wave function. There was considered the partial differential equation of telegraph-type describing the motion of such wave packet in sp... Show More -
Fundamental Equation, Commutation Relations and Relativistic Invariance at Unitary Quantum Theory
Issue: Volume 2, Issue 4-1, August 2015Pages: 59-70Received: 13 May 2015Accepted: 14 May 2015Published: 18 June 2015DOI: 10.11648/j.ijhep.s.2015020401.15Downloads:Views:Abstract: The present article discuses the problems of relativistic invariance and commutation relations at unitary quantum theory. The scalar analogue of the main (principal) equation of the unitary quantum theory together with the Poisson equation are solved numerically in this paper. The value of the electrical charge and also the fine-structure constant,... Show More -
The Conflict between the Unitary Quantum Theory and the Special and General Relativity Theories
Issue: Volume 2, Issue 4-1, August 2015Pages: 54-58Received: 15 April 2015Accepted: 16 April 2015Published: 18 June 2015DOI: 10.11648/j.ijhep.s.2015020401.14Downloads:Views:Abstract: The authors discuss contradictions between the principal branches of the modern physical picture of the universe. Space and time have been shown in the Unitary Quantum Theory (UQT) not to be connected one with the other, unlike in the Special Theory of Relativity. In UQT, time becomes Newtonian again, and the growth of the particle's mass with grow... Show More -
The General Unitary Quantum Picture of the World
Issue: Volume 2, Issue 4-1, August 2015Pages: 33-53Received: 13 May 2015Accepted: 14 May 2015Published: 9 June 2015DOI: 10.11648/j.ijhep.s.2015020401.13Downloads:Views:Abstract: The present article discuses the problems of new Unitary Quantum Theory in its applications to the different aspects of the reality. There are spectacular examples of such applications. In new quantum picture of the world possible both creation and destruction to matters and on this base to solve all energy problems to civilizations. -
The Unitary Unified Quantum Field Theory
Issue: Volume 2, Issue 4-1, August 2015Pages: 8-32Received: 13 May 2015Accepted: 14 May 2015Published: 9 June 2015DOI: 10.11648/j.ijhep.s.2015020401.12Downloads:Views:Abstract: The paper proposes a model of an unitary unified quantum field theory (UUQFT) where the particle is represented as a wave packet. The frequency dispersion equation is chosen so that the packet periodically appears and disappears without changing its form. The envelope of the process is identified with a conventional wave function. Equation of such ... Show More -
Quark–Quark of Swap Electric Charge Bound State
Issue: Volume 2, Issue 4-1, August 2015Pages: 1-7Received: 15 April 2015Accepted: 16 April 2015Published: 9 June 2015DOI: 10.11648/j.ijhep.s.2015020401.11Downloads:Views:Abstract: We test the Electric Charged Swap (ECS) symmetry in the case of quarks. We propose a quark (q)- and an ECS-quark (q῀)-bound state, qq῀. We explain the electrically charged charmonium Z+c (3, 9) meson as a charm quark (c)- and charm ECS-quark (c῀)- nonrelativistic bound state (cc῀). We predict that J/ψ and π+ mesons are the decay products of a Z+c (... Show More
