Biology and Infection Mechanisms of Cryptosporiopsis spp Fungus Causing Blight Disease on Cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.)

Menge Dominic; Martha Makobe; Bonaventure Agboton; Shamte Shomari; Andreas Tiedemann

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jps.20140206.12

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Biology and Infection Mechanisms of Cryptosporiopsis spp Fungus Causing Blight Disease on Cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.)

Menge Dominic, Martha Makobe, Bonaventure Agboton, Shamte Shomari, Andreas Tiedemann

Published in Journal of Plant Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 6)

Received: 23 October 2014 Accepted: 7 November 2014 Published: 23 November 2014

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Abstract

Efficient isolation, purification and identification techniques of a new pathogenic fungus of cashew were developed. In the study, aspects related to identification, characterization of conidial morphology and infection of the Cryptosporiopsis spp fungus were investigated. Macroscopic observations of symptoms and signs of cashew blight disease as well as isolation, culturing and morphological characterization of its causative agent were carried out. Cryptosporiopsis spp fungus penetration and infection mechanisms on susceptible cashew leaves were studied. Cashew leaves were inoculated with fungal suspensions by pricking with pin, clipping with scissors and painting a fungal suspension onto the leaves with a paintbrush. Pathogenecity assays were performed on cashew leaves, nuts and apples. Irregular spot lesions, with a brown margin, formed on leaves especially on the young leaves. Direct conidial transfer was found to be the efficient method of isolation because it was less prone to contamination. Blight macroconidia are typical of Cryptosporiopsis having ellipsoidal, rounded at the apex, tapering into a scar at the base. Stomatal penetration of Cryptosporiopsis spp was visible through the simple staining technique using lactophenol solution. Penetration was by germinating conidia through a cuticle that caused an infection in leaves. Paint brush method of inoculation was found to be more effective as compared to other two methods based on the lesion size. Leaves inoculated with Cryptosporiopsis spp isolate began curling after 72 h thereafter developed dark, irregularly shaped spots with brown margins. An increased understanding of cashew blight is important for developing strategies for its management.

Published in	Journal of Plant Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.jps.20140206.12
Page(s)	266-275
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cryptosporiopsis spp, Macroscopic, Penetration, Cashew

References

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APA Style

Menge Dominic, Martha Makobe, Bonaventure Agboton, Shamte Shomari, Andreas Tiedemann. (2014). Biology and Infection Mechanisms of Cryptosporiopsis spp Fungus Causing Blight Disease on Cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.). Journal of Plant Sciences, 2(6), 266-275. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20140206.12

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ACS Style

Menge Dominic; Martha Makobe; Bonaventure Agboton; Shamte Shomari; Andreas Tiedemann. Biology and Infection Mechanisms of Cryptosporiopsis spp Fungus Causing Blight Disease on Cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.). J. Plant Sci. 2014, 2(6), 266-275. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20140206.12

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AMA Style

Menge Dominic, Martha Makobe, Bonaventure Agboton, Shamte Shomari, Andreas Tiedemann. Biology and Infection Mechanisms of Cryptosporiopsis spp Fungus Causing Blight Disease on Cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.). J Plant Sci. 2014;2(6):266-275. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20140206.12

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@article{10.11648/j.jps.20140206.12,
  author = {Menge Dominic and Martha Makobe and Bonaventure Agboton and Shamte Shomari and Andreas Tiedemann},
  title = {Biology and Infection Mechanisms of Cryptosporiopsis spp Fungus Causing Blight Disease on Cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.)},
  journal = {Journal of Plant Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6},
  pages = {266-275},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jps.20140206.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20140206.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jps.20140206.12},
  abstract = {Efficient isolation, purification and identification techniques of a new pathogenic fungus of cashew were developed. In the study, aspects related to identification, characterization of conidial morphology and infection of the Cryptosporiopsis spp fungus were investigated. Macroscopic observations of symptoms and signs of cashew blight disease as well as isolation, culturing and morphological characterization of its causative agent were carried out. Cryptosporiopsis spp fungus penetration and infection mechanisms on susceptible cashew leaves were studied. Cashew leaves were inoculated with fungal suspensions by pricking with pin, clipping with scissors and painting a fungal suspension onto the leaves with a paintbrush. Pathogenecity assays were performed on cashew leaves, nuts and apples. Irregular spot lesions, with a brown margin, formed on leaves especially on the young leaves. Direct conidial transfer was found to be the efficient method of isolation because it was less prone to contamination. Blight macroconidia are typical of Cryptosporiopsis having ellipsoidal, rounded at the apex, tapering into a scar at the base. Stomatal penetration of Cryptosporiopsis spp was visible through the simple staining technique using lactophenol solution. Penetration was by germinating conidia through a cuticle that caused an infection in leaves. Paint brush method of inoculation was found to be more effective as compared to other two methods based on the lesion size. Leaves inoculated with Cryptosporiopsis spp isolate began curling after 72 h thereafter developed dark, irregularly shaped spots with brown margins. An increased understanding of cashew blight is important for developing strategies for its management.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Biology and Infection Mechanisms of Cryptosporiopsis spp Fungus Causing Blight Disease on Cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.)
AU - Menge Dominic
AU - Martha Makobe
AU - Bonaventure Agboton
AU - Shamte Shomari
AU - Andreas Tiedemann
Y1 - 2014/11/23
PY - 2014
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20140206.12
DO - 10.11648/j.jps.20140206.12
T2 - Journal of Plant Sciences
JF - Journal of Plant Sciences
JO - Journal of Plant Sciences
SP - 266
EP - 275
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2331-0731
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20140206.12
AB - Efficient isolation, purification and identification techniques of a new pathogenic fungus of cashew were developed. In the study, aspects related to identification, characterization of conidial morphology and infection of the Cryptosporiopsis spp fungus were investigated. Macroscopic observations of symptoms and signs of cashew blight disease as well as isolation, culturing and morphological characterization of its causative agent were carried out. Cryptosporiopsis spp fungus penetration and infection mechanisms on susceptible cashew leaves were studied. Cashew leaves were inoculated with fungal suspensions by pricking with pin, clipping with scissors and painting a fungal suspension onto the leaves with a paintbrush. Pathogenecity assays were performed on cashew leaves, nuts and apples. Irregular spot lesions, with a brown margin, formed on leaves especially on the young leaves. Direct conidial transfer was found to be the efficient method of isolation because it was less prone to contamination. Blight macroconidia are typical of Cryptosporiopsis having ellipsoidal, rounded at the apex, tapering into a scar at the base. Stomatal penetration of Cryptosporiopsis spp was visible through the simple staining technique using lactophenol solution. Penetration was by germinating conidia through a cuticle that caused an infection in leaves. Paint brush method of inoculation was found to be more effective as compared to other two methods based on the lesion size. Leaves inoculated with Cryptosporiopsis spp isolate began curling after 72 h thereafter developed dark, irregularly shaped spots with brown margins. An increased understanding of cashew blight is important for developing strategies for its management.
VL - 2
IS - 6
ER -

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Author Information

Menge Dominic

Biological Sciences Department, Maasai Mara University
Martha Makobe

Department of Botany, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
Bonaventure Agboton

International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE)
Shamte Shomari

Cashew Research Programme, Naliendele Agricultural Research Institute (NARI), P.O. Box 509, Mtwara, Tanzania
Andreas Tiedemann

University of G?ttingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077 G?ttingen, Germany

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APA Style

Menge Dominic, Martha Makobe, Bonaventure Agboton, Shamte Shomari, Andreas Tiedemann. (2014). Biology and Infection Mechanisms of Cryptosporiopsis spp Fungus Causing Blight Disease on Cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.). Journal of Plant Sciences, 2(6), 266-275. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20140206.12

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ACS Style

Menge Dominic; Martha Makobe; Bonaventure Agboton; Shamte Shomari; Andreas Tiedemann. Biology and Infection Mechanisms of Cryptosporiopsis spp Fungus Causing Blight Disease on Cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.). J. Plant Sci. 2014, 2(6), 266-275. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20140206.12

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AMA Style

Menge Dominic, Martha Makobe, Bonaventure Agboton, Shamte Shomari, Andreas Tiedemann. Biology and Infection Mechanisms of Cryptosporiopsis spp Fungus Causing Blight Disease on Cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.). J Plant Sci. 2014;2(6):266-275. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20140206.12

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@article{10.11648/j.jps.20140206.12,
  author = {Menge Dominic and Martha Makobe and Bonaventure Agboton and Shamte Shomari and Andreas Tiedemann},
  title = {Biology and Infection Mechanisms of Cryptosporiopsis spp Fungus Causing Blight Disease on Cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.)},
  journal = {Journal of Plant Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6},
  pages = {266-275},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jps.20140206.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20140206.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jps.20140206.12},
  abstract = {Efficient isolation, purification and identification techniques of a new pathogenic fungus of cashew were developed. In the study, aspects related to identification, characterization of conidial morphology and infection of the Cryptosporiopsis spp fungus were investigated. Macroscopic observations of symptoms and signs of cashew blight disease as well as isolation, culturing and morphological characterization of its causative agent were carried out. Cryptosporiopsis spp fungus penetration and infection mechanisms on susceptible cashew leaves were studied. Cashew leaves were inoculated with fungal suspensions by pricking with pin, clipping with scissors and painting a fungal suspension onto the leaves with a paintbrush. Pathogenecity assays were performed on cashew leaves, nuts and apples. Irregular spot lesions, with a brown margin, formed on leaves especially on the young leaves. Direct conidial transfer was found to be the efficient method of isolation because it was less prone to contamination. Blight macroconidia are typical of Cryptosporiopsis having ellipsoidal, rounded at the apex, tapering into a scar at the base. Stomatal penetration of Cryptosporiopsis spp was visible through the simple staining technique using lactophenol solution. Penetration was by germinating conidia through a cuticle that caused an infection in leaves. Paint brush method of inoculation was found to be more effective as compared to other two methods based on the lesion size. Leaves inoculated with Cryptosporiopsis spp isolate began curling after 72 h thereafter developed dark, irregularly shaped spots with brown margins. An increased understanding of cashew blight is important for developing strategies for its management.},
 year = {2014}
}

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