Nkombo Island: The Most Important Schistosomiasis mansoni Focus in Rwanda

Eugene Ruberanziza; Michée Kabera; Giuseppina Ortu; Kirezi Kanobana; Denise Mupfasoni; Josh Ruxin; Alan Fenwick; Thierry Nyatanyi; Corine Karema; Tharcisse Munyaneza; Katja Polman

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajls.20150301.16

Nkombo Island: The Most Important Schistosomiasis mansoni Focus in Rwanda

Eugene Ruberanziza, Michée Kabera, Giuseppina Ortu, Kirezi Kanobana, Denise Mupfasoni, Josh Ruxin, Alan Fenwick, Thierry Nyatanyi, Corine Karema, Tharcisse Munyaneza, Katja Polman

Published in American Journal of Life Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 1)

Received: 7 January 2015 Accepted: 25 January 2015 Published: 2 February 2015

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Abstract

In Rwanda, the initial school-based mapping of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections was completed in 2008. Despite the classification of low endemicity of intestinal schistosomiasis (Schistosoma mansoni) in Rusizi district, the Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) programme has received warnings two years after the mapping on high infection level on Nkombo Island located in this district. This study aims to report on prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection in an area which was the last to be investigated in Rwanda and provide some critics on current mapping guidelines. The study was done in January 2011 with a sample of 311 schoolchildren aged 10-19 years. Stool screening was performed by Kato-Katz technique. Overall prevalence of S. mansoni was found to be 62.1% (95%CI: 56.4-67.5), ranging from 28.6% (95%CI: 19.2-39.5) to 77.9% (95%CI: 67.0-86.6) across the schools. The prevalence of S. mansoni among the schoolchildren of Nkombo Island was found to be the highest in Rwanda. These findings confirm the extreme focality of schistosomiasis and the fact that the current mapping guidelines are likely to miss some hotspots. For the validation of schistosomiasis distribution at country level, there is need for new innovative mapping methodology that can provide to control programmes more accurate data for planning and undertaking control interventions at the district and the lowest implementation levels. When mapping units have to be designed they should give more priority to areas surrounding perennial water bodies that are considered high-risk zones.

Published in	American Journal of Life Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajls.20150301.16
Page(s)	27-31
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Nkombo Island, Rwanda, S. mansoni, Schistosomiasis, STH, A. Lumbricoides, T. Trichiura, Hookworm, Prevalence, Intensity, Schoolchildren, Neglected Tropical Diseases

References

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APA Style

Eugene Ruberanziza, Michée Kabera, Giuseppina Ortu, Kirezi Kanobana, Denise Mupfasoni, et al. (2015). Nkombo Island: The Most Important Schistosomiasis mansoni Focus in Rwanda. American Journal of Life Sciences, 3(1), 27-31. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20150301.16

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ACS Style

Eugene Ruberanziza; Michée Kabera; Giuseppina Ortu; Kirezi Kanobana; Denise Mupfasoni, et al. Nkombo Island: The Most Important Schistosomiasis mansoni Focus in Rwanda. Am. J. Life Sci. 2015, 3(1), 27-31. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20150301.16

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AMA Style

Eugene Ruberanziza, Michée Kabera, Giuseppina Ortu, Kirezi Kanobana, Denise Mupfasoni, et al. Nkombo Island: The Most Important Schistosomiasis mansoni Focus in Rwanda. Am J Life Sci. 2015;3(1):27-31. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20150301.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ajls.20150301.16,
  author = {Eugene Ruberanziza and Michée Kabera and Giuseppina Ortu and Kirezi Kanobana and Denise Mupfasoni and Josh Ruxin and Alan Fenwick and Thierry Nyatanyi and Corine Karema and Tharcisse Munyaneza and Katja Polman},
  title = {Nkombo Island: The Most Important Schistosomiasis mansoni Focus in Rwanda},
  journal = {American Journal of Life Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27-31},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajls.20150301.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20150301.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajls.20150301.16},
  abstract = {In Rwanda, the initial school-based mapping of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections was completed in 2008. Despite the classification of low endemicity of intestinal schistosomiasis (Schistosoma mansoni) in Rusizi district, the Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) programme has received warnings two years after the mapping on high infection level on Nkombo Island located in this district. This study aims to report on prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection in an area which was the last to be investigated in Rwanda and provide some critics on current mapping guidelines. The study was done in January 2011 with a sample of 311 schoolchildren aged 10-19 years. Stool screening was performed by Kato-Katz technique. Overall prevalence of S. mansoni was found to be 62.1% (95%CI: 56.4-67.5), ranging from 28.6% (95%CI: 19.2-39.5) to 77.9% (95%CI: 67.0-86.6) across the schools. The prevalence of S. mansoni among the schoolchildren of Nkombo Island was found to be the highest in Rwanda. These findings confirm the extreme focality of schistosomiasis and the fact that the current mapping guidelines are likely to miss some hotspots. For the validation of schistosomiasis distribution at country level, there is need for new innovative mapping methodology that can provide to control programmes more accurate data for planning and undertaking control interventions at the district and the lowest implementation levels. When mapping units have to be designed they should give more priority to areas surrounding perennial water bodies that are considered high-risk zones.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Nkombo Island: The Most Important Schistosomiasis mansoni Focus in Rwanda
AU - Eugene Ruberanziza
AU - Michée Kabera
AU - Giuseppina Ortu
AU - Kirezi Kanobana
AU - Denise Mupfasoni
AU - Josh Ruxin
AU - Alan Fenwick
AU - Thierry Nyatanyi
AU - Corine Karema
AU - Tharcisse Munyaneza
AU - Katja Polman
Y1 - 2015/02/02
PY - 2015
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20150301.16
DO - 10.11648/j.ajls.20150301.16
T2 - American Journal of Life Sciences
JF - American Journal of Life Sciences
JO - American Journal of Life Sciences
SP - 27
EP - 31
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2328-5737
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20150301.16
AB - In Rwanda, the initial school-based mapping of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections was completed in 2008. Despite the classification of low endemicity of intestinal schistosomiasis (Schistosoma mansoni) in Rusizi district, the Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) programme has received warnings two years after the mapping on high infection level on Nkombo Island located in this district. This study aims to report on prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection in an area which was the last to be investigated in Rwanda and provide some critics on current mapping guidelines. The study was done in January 2011 with a sample of 311 schoolchildren aged 10-19 years. Stool screening was performed by Kato-Katz technique. Overall prevalence of S. mansoni was found to be 62.1% (95%CI: 56.4-67.5), ranging from 28.6% (95%CI: 19.2-39.5) to 77.9% (95%CI: 67.0-86.6) across the schools. The prevalence of S. mansoni among the schoolchildren of Nkombo Island was found to be the highest in Rwanda. These findings confirm the extreme focality of schistosomiasis and the fact that the current mapping guidelines are likely to miss some hotspots. For the validation of schistosomiasis distribution at country level, there is need for new innovative mapping methodology that can provide to control programmes more accurate data for planning and undertaking control interventions at the district and the lowest implementation levels. When mapping units have to be designed they should give more priority to areas surrounding perennial water bodies that are considered high-risk zones.
VL - 3
IS - 1
ER -

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Author Information

Eugene Ruberanziza

Neglected Tropical Diseases Control Programme, The Access Project-Columbia University, Kigali, Rwanda
Michée Kabera

Neglected Tropical Diseases Control Programme, The Access Project-Columbia University, Kigali, Rwanda
Giuseppina Ortu

Schistosomiasis Control Initiative (SCI), Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
Kirezi Kanobana

Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
Denise Mupfasoni

Neglected Tropical Diseases Control Programme, The Access Project-Columbia University, Kigali, Rwanda
Josh Ruxin

Neglected Tropical Diseases Control Programme, The Access Project-Columbia University, Kigali, Rwanda
Alan Fenwick

Schistosomiasis Control Initiative (SCI), Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
Thierry Nyatanyi

TRAC Plus – Center for Treatment and Research on Aids, Malaria and Tuberculosis, Kigali, Rwanda
Corine Karema

TRAC Plus – Center for Treatment and Research on Aids, Malaria and Tuberculosis, Kigali, Rwanda
Tharcisse Munyaneza

National Reference Laboratory, Kigali, Rwanda
Katja Polman

Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

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APA Style

Eugene Ruberanziza, Michée Kabera, Giuseppina Ortu, Kirezi Kanobana, Denise Mupfasoni, et al. (2015). Nkombo Island: The Most Important Schistosomiasis mansoni Focus in Rwanda. American Journal of Life Sciences, 3(1), 27-31. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20150301.16

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ACS Style

Eugene Ruberanziza; Michée Kabera; Giuseppina Ortu; Kirezi Kanobana; Denise Mupfasoni, et al. Nkombo Island: The Most Important Schistosomiasis mansoni Focus in Rwanda. Am. J. Life Sci. 2015, 3(1), 27-31. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20150301.16

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AMA Style

Eugene Ruberanziza, Michée Kabera, Giuseppina Ortu, Kirezi Kanobana, Denise Mupfasoni, et al. Nkombo Island: The Most Important Schistosomiasis mansoni Focus in Rwanda. Am J Life Sci. 2015;3(1):27-31. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20150301.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ajls.20150301.16,
  author = {Eugene Ruberanziza and Michée Kabera and Giuseppina Ortu and Kirezi Kanobana and Denise Mupfasoni and Josh Ruxin and Alan Fenwick and Thierry Nyatanyi and Corine Karema and Tharcisse Munyaneza and Katja Polman},
  title = {Nkombo Island: The Most Important Schistosomiasis mansoni Focus in Rwanda},
  journal = {American Journal of Life Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27-31},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajls.20150301.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20150301.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajls.20150301.16},
  abstract = {In Rwanda, the initial school-based mapping of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections was completed in 2008. Despite the classification of low endemicity of intestinal schistosomiasis (Schistosoma mansoni) in Rusizi district, the Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) programme has received warnings two years after the mapping on high infection level on Nkombo Island located in this district. This study aims to report on prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection in an area which was the last to be investigated in Rwanda and provide some critics on current mapping guidelines. The study was done in January 2011 with a sample of 311 schoolchildren aged 10-19 years. Stool screening was performed by Kato-Katz technique. Overall prevalence of S. mansoni was found to be 62.1% (95%CI: 56.4-67.5), ranging from 28.6% (95%CI: 19.2-39.5) to 77.9% (95%CI: 67.0-86.6) across the schools. The prevalence of S. mansoni among the schoolchildren of Nkombo Island was found to be the highest in Rwanda. These findings confirm the extreme focality of schistosomiasis and the fact that the current mapping guidelines are likely to miss some hotspots. For the validation of schistosomiasis distribution at country level, there is need for new innovative mapping methodology that can provide to control programmes more accurate data for planning and undertaking control interventions at the district and the lowest implementation levels. When mapping units have to be designed they should give more priority to areas surrounding perennial water bodies that are considered high-risk zones.},
 year = {2015}
}

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