Environmental Monitoring Around an Offshore Fish Farm with Copper Alloy Mesh Pens in the Northern Aegean Sea

Yesim Buyukates; Barbaros Celikkol; Murat Yigit; Judson DeCew; Musa Bulut

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajep.20170602.13

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Environmental Monitoring Around an Offshore Fish Farm with Copper Alloy Mesh Pens in the Northern Aegean Sea

Yesim Buyukates, Barbaros Celikkol, Murat Yigit, Judson DeCew, Musa Bulut

Published in American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 6, Issue 2)

Received: 10 March 2017 Accepted: 25 March 2017 Published: 10 April 2017

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Abstract

In the present study, environmental monitoring was undertaken around an offshore fish farm with copper alloy mesh pens located in the Northern Aegean Sea. From the water velocity results obtained at the farm site, located in the Strait of Canakkale (formerly the Dardanelles) it was recorded that the horizontal water velocity reached 36cms^-1 at select times. The average water velocity was found to be 22cms^-1. Water quality measurements were made over an 11 months period between September 2011 and July 2012. Other than occasional wind drawn mixing events, the two different water masses can be clearly indicated depending on the temperature and salinity values recorded throughout the study period in the Strait of Canakkale. Inorganic nutrient concentrations such as NO^-₂+NO^-₃, NH₄, PO₄, TP and SiO₂, changed from low to moderate through most of the sampling period. The data for TSS varied among sampling depths between 0.06 and 10.40 mgL^-1, being below the typical seawater quality measurement threshold of 30 mgL^-1 pronounced by Water Pollution Control Regulations. Chlorophyll-a concentration, ranged between 0.143-2.633μgL^-1, 0.055-1.519 μgL^-1, and 0.110-2.288 μgL^-1, at the surface, 15m, and 30m, respectively. It has been observed that starting from March 2012, especially in Stations 2 and 3, the phytoplankton abundance controlled the TSS, rather than terrestrial sources.

Published in	American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 6, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajep.20170602.13
Page(s)	50-61
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Aegean Sea, Copper Alloy Mesh Cage, Environmental Parameters

References

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[3]	Gonzalez, E. P., Hurtado, C. F., Gace, L., & Augsburger, A. (2013). Economic impacts of adopting copper alloy mesh in trout aquaculture: Chilean example. Aquacic Economic Management, 17(1), 71-86.
[4]	Tsukrov, I., Drach, A., DeCew, J., Swift, M. R., & Celikkol, B. (2011). Characterization of geometry and normal drag coefficients of copper nets. Ocean Engineering, 38, 1979-1988.
[5]	Yigit, M., Celikkol, B., DeCew, J., Bulut, M., Kesbic, O. S., Karga, M., Özalp, B., & Büyükates, Y. (2012). Copper-alloy mesh in offshore aquaculture systems – A new net material for cage farming in the Southern European seas. In: Abstracts of the 4th Offshore Mariculture Conference, Izmir, 17-19 October 2012.
[6]	Bulut, M., Yigit, M., Ergun, S., Kesbic, O. S., Acar, U., Gultepe, N., Karga, M., Yılmaz, S., & Guroy, D. (2014). Evaluation of dietary protein and lipid requirements of two-banded seabream (Diplodus vulgaris) cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system. Aquaculture International, 22, 965–973.
[7]	Ayer, N., Martin, S., Dwyer, R. L., Gace, L., & Laurin, L. (2016). Environmental performance of copper-alloy net-pens: Life cycle assessment of Atlantic salmon grow-out in copper-alloy and nylon net-pens. Aquaculture, 453(1), 93-103.
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[12]	Kocataş, A. (1993). Oseanoloji. Ege Üniveristesi Kitaplar Serisi. Bornova. İzmir. (In Turkish).
[13]	Koçum, E. (2005). Çanakkaleboğazında klorofila ve çözünmüş mineral besin elementi miktarlarının analizi. Ekoloji, 14, 1-6. (In Turkish).
[14]	Buyukates, Y., & İnanmaz, Ö. E. (2007). Temporal variations in vertical distribution and occurrence of marine cladocerans in an urbanized harbour. Dardanelles. Turkey. Crustaceana, 80, 1293-1302.
[15]	Buyukates, Y., & İnanmaz, Ö. E. (2009). Cladocerans of an urbanized harbour: effects of environmental parameters on vertical distribution, occurrence, abundance, and seasonal variation. Crustaceana, 82, 543-554.
[16]	Buyukates, Y., & İnanmaz, Ö. E. (2010). The Annual Mesozooplankton Dynamics and influence of environmental parameters in an urbanized harbor (Kepez Harbor-Dardanelles Strait, Turkey). Ekoloji, 19, 60-68.
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APA Style

Yesim Buyukates, Barbaros Celikkol, Murat Yigit, Judson DeCew, Musa Bulut. (2017). Environmental Monitoring Around an Offshore Fish Farm with Copper Alloy Mesh Pens in the Northern Aegean Sea. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 6(2), 50-61. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20170602.13

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ACS Style

Yesim Buyukates; Barbaros Celikkol; Murat Yigit; Judson DeCew; Musa Bulut. Environmental Monitoring Around an Offshore Fish Farm with Copper Alloy Mesh Pens in the Northern Aegean Sea. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2017, 6(2), 50-61. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20170602.13

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AMA Style

Yesim Buyukates, Barbaros Celikkol, Murat Yigit, Judson DeCew, Musa Bulut. Environmental Monitoring Around an Offshore Fish Farm with Copper Alloy Mesh Pens in the Northern Aegean Sea. Am J Environ Prot. 2017;6(2):50-61. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20170602.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajep.20170602.13,
  author = {Yesim Buyukates and Barbaros Celikkol and Murat Yigit and Judson DeCew and Musa Bulut},
  title = {Environmental Monitoring Around an Offshore Fish Farm with Copper Alloy Mesh Pens in the Northern Aegean Sea},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {50-61},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20170602.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20170602.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20170602.13},
  abstract = {In the present study, environmental monitoring was undertaken around an offshore fish farm with copper alloy mesh pens located in the Northern Aegean Sea. From the water velocity results obtained at the farm site, located in the Strait of Canakkale (formerly the Dardanelles) it was recorded that the horizontal water velocity reached 36cms-1 at select times. The average water velocity was found to be 22cms-1. Water quality measurements were made over an 11 months period between September 2011 and July 2012. Other than occasional wind drawn mixing events, the two different water masses can be clearly indicated depending on the temperature and salinity values recorded throughout the study period in the Strait of Canakkale. Inorganic nutrient concentrations such as NO-2+NO-3, NH4, PO4, TP and SiO2, changed from low to moderate through most of the sampling period. The data for TSS varied among sampling depths between 0.06 and 10.40 mgL-1, being below the typical seawater quality measurement threshold of 30 mgL-1 pronounced by Water Pollution Control Regulations. Chlorophyll-a concentration, ranged between 0.143-2.633μgL-1, 0.055-1.519 μgL-1, and 0.110-2.288 μgL-1, at the surface, 15m, and 30m, respectively. It has been observed that starting from March 2012, especially in Stations 2 and 3, the phytoplankton abundance controlled the TSS, rather than terrestrial sources.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Environmental Monitoring Around an Offshore Fish Farm with Copper Alloy Mesh Pens in the Northern Aegean Sea
AU  - Yesim Buyukates
AU  - Barbaros Celikkol
AU  - Murat Yigit
AU  - Judson DeCew
AU  - Musa Bulut
Y1  - 2017/04/10
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20170602.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajep.20170602.13
T2  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JF  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JO  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
SP  - 50
EP  - 61
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5699
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20170602.13
AB  - In the present study, environmental monitoring was undertaken around an offshore fish farm with copper alloy mesh pens located in the Northern Aegean Sea. From the water velocity results obtained at the farm site, located in the Strait of Canakkale (formerly the Dardanelles) it was recorded that the horizontal water velocity reached 36cms-1 at select times. The average water velocity was found to be 22cms-1. Water quality measurements were made over an 11 months period between September 2011 and July 2012. Other than occasional wind drawn mixing events, the two different water masses can be clearly indicated depending on the temperature and salinity values recorded throughout the study period in the Strait of Canakkale. Inorganic nutrient concentrations such as NO-2+NO-3, NH4, PO4, TP and SiO2, changed from low to moderate through most of the sampling period. The data for TSS varied among sampling depths between 0.06 and 10.40 mgL-1, being below the typical seawater quality measurement threshold of 30 mgL-1 pronounced by Water Pollution Control Regulations. Chlorophyll-a concentration, ranged between 0.143-2.633μgL-1, 0.055-1.519 μgL-1, and 0.110-2.288 μgL-1, at the surface, 15m, and 30m, respectively. It has been observed that starting from March 2012, especially in Stations 2 and 3, the phytoplankton abundance controlled the TSS, rather than terrestrial sources.
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Yesim Buyukates

Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
Barbaros Celikkol

Department of Mechanical and Ocean Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH – USA
Murat Yigit

Department of Aquaculture and Marine Technology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
Judson DeCew

Jere A. Chase Ocean Engineering Laboratory, School of Marine Science and Ocean Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH – USA
Musa Bulut

Department of Aquaculture and Marine Technology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey

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APA Style

Yesim Buyukates, Barbaros Celikkol, Murat Yigit, Judson DeCew, Musa Bulut. (2017). Environmental Monitoring Around an Offshore Fish Farm with Copper Alloy Mesh Pens in the Northern Aegean Sea. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 6(2), 50-61. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20170602.13

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ACS Style

Yesim Buyukates; Barbaros Celikkol; Murat Yigit; Judson DeCew; Musa Bulut. Environmental Monitoring Around an Offshore Fish Farm with Copper Alloy Mesh Pens in the Northern Aegean Sea. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2017, 6(2), 50-61. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20170602.13

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AMA Style

Yesim Buyukates, Barbaros Celikkol, Murat Yigit, Judson DeCew, Musa Bulut. Environmental Monitoring Around an Offshore Fish Farm with Copper Alloy Mesh Pens in the Northern Aegean Sea. Am J Environ Prot. 2017;6(2):50-61. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20170602.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajep.20170602.13,
  author = {Yesim Buyukates and Barbaros Celikkol and Murat Yigit and Judson DeCew and Musa Bulut},
  title = {Environmental Monitoring Around an Offshore Fish Farm with Copper Alloy Mesh Pens in the Northern Aegean Sea},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {50-61},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20170602.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20170602.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20170602.13},
  abstract = {In the present study, environmental monitoring was undertaken around an offshore fish farm with copper alloy mesh pens located in the Northern Aegean Sea. From the water velocity results obtained at the farm site, located in the Strait of Canakkale (formerly the Dardanelles) it was recorded that the horizontal water velocity reached 36cms-1 at select times. The average water velocity was found to be 22cms-1. Water quality measurements were made over an 11 months period between September 2011 and July 2012. Other than occasional wind drawn mixing events, the two different water masses can be clearly indicated depending on the temperature and salinity values recorded throughout the study period in the Strait of Canakkale. Inorganic nutrient concentrations such as NO-2+NO-3, NH4, PO4, TP and SiO2, changed from low to moderate through most of the sampling period. The data for TSS varied among sampling depths between 0.06 and 10.40 mgL-1, being below the typical seawater quality measurement threshold of 30 mgL-1 pronounced by Water Pollution Control Regulations. Chlorophyll-a concentration, ranged between 0.143-2.633μgL-1, 0.055-1.519 μgL-1, and 0.110-2.288 μgL-1, at the surface, 15m, and 30m, respectively. It has been observed that starting from March 2012, especially in Stations 2 and 3, the phytoplankton abundance controlled the TSS, rather than terrestrial sources.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Environmental Monitoring Around an Offshore Fish Farm with Copper Alloy Mesh Pens in the Northern Aegean Sea
AU  - Yesim Buyukates
AU  - Barbaros Celikkol
AU  - Murat Yigit
AU  - Judson DeCew
AU  - Musa Bulut
Y1  - 2017/04/10
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20170602.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajep.20170602.13
T2  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JF  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JO  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
SP  - 50
EP  - 61
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5699
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20170602.13
AB  - In the present study, environmental monitoring was undertaken around an offshore fish farm with copper alloy mesh pens located in the Northern Aegean Sea. From the water velocity results obtained at the farm site, located in the Strait of Canakkale (formerly the Dardanelles) it was recorded that the horizontal water velocity reached 36cms-1 at select times. The average water velocity was found to be 22cms-1. Water quality measurements were made over an 11 months period between September 2011 and July 2012. Other than occasional wind drawn mixing events, the two different water masses can be clearly indicated depending on the temperature and salinity values recorded throughout the study period in the Strait of Canakkale. Inorganic nutrient concentrations such as NO-2+NO-3, NH4, PO4, TP and SiO2, changed from low to moderate through most of the sampling period. The data for TSS varied among sampling depths between 0.06 and 10.40 mgL-1, being below the typical seawater quality measurement threshold of 30 mgL-1 pronounced by Water Pollution Control Regulations. Chlorophyll-a concentration, ranged between 0.143-2.633μgL-1, 0.055-1.519 μgL-1, and 0.110-2.288 μgL-1, at the surface, 15m, and 30m, respectively. It has been observed that starting from March 2012, especially in Stations 2 and 3, the phytoplankton abundance controlled the TSS, rather than terrestrial sources.
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
ER  -

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